109.1.
An object is an ability on the stack, a card, a copy of a card, a token, a spell, a permanent, or an
emblem.
109.2.
If a spell or ability uses a description of an object that includes a card type or subtype, but
doesn‘t include the word «card,» «spell,» «source,» or «scheme,» it means a permanent of that card
type or subtype on the battlefield.
109.2a
If a spell or ability uses a description of an object that includes the word «card» and the
name of a zone, it means a card matching that description in the stated zone.
109.2b
If a spell or ability uses a description of an object that includes the word «spell,» it means a
spell matching that description on the stack.
109.2c
If a spell or ability uses a description of an object that includes the word «source,» it means a
source matching that description—either a source of an ability or a source of damage—in any
zone. See rule 609.7.
109.2d
If an ability of a scheme card includes the text «this scheme,» it means the scheme card in
the command zone on which that ability is printed.
109.3.
An object‘s characteristics are name, mana cost, color, color indicator, card type, subtype,
supertype, expansion symbol, rules text, abilities, power, toughness, loyalty, hand modifier, and life
modifier. Objects can have some or all of these characteristics. Any other information about an
object isn‘t a characteristic. For example, characteristics don‘t include whether a permanent is
tapped, a spell‘s target, an object‘s owner or controller, what an Aura enchants, and so on.
109.4.
Only objects on the stack or on the battlefield have a controller. Objects that are neither on the
stack nor on the battlefield aren‘t controlled by any player. See rule 108.4. There are three
exceptions to this rule:
109.4a
In a Planechase game, a face-up plane card is controlled by the player designated as the
planar controller. This is usually the active player. See rule 901.6.
109.4b
In a Vanguard game, each vanguard card is controlled by its owner. See rule 902.6.
109.4c
In an Archenemy game, each scheme card is controlled by its owner. See rule 904.7.
109.5.
The words «you» and «your» on an object refer to the object‘s controller, its would-be controller
(if a player is attempting to play, cast, or activate it), or its owner (if it has no controller). For a
static ability, this is the current controller of the object it‘s on. For an activated ability, this is the
player who activated the ability. For a triggered ability, this is the controller of the object when the
ability triggered, unless it‘s a delayed triggered ability. To determine the controller of a delayed
triggered ability, see rules 603.7d–f.